With a population of about million in , [ 5 ] Mexico is the 10th most populated country in the world. It is the largest Spanish-speaking country in the world and the third-most populous country in the Americas after the United States and Brazil, [ 6 ] the most populous city in the country is the capital, Mexico City , with a population of 9. The National Institute of Indigenous Peoples also undertakes research and analysis of the sociodemographic and linguistic indicators of the indigenous peoples.
Throughout most of the 20th century Mexico's population was characterized by rapid growth. Estimates vary for the Pre-Columbian population of Mexico from 1. In , the Mexican population was These measures jointly led to an intense demographic increase between and Intense population growth in the northern states, especially along the US-Mexican border, changed the country's demographic profile in the second half of the 20th century, as the US-Mexico maquiladora agreement through which all products manufactured in the border cities could be imported duty-free to the US.
Since the adoption of NAFTA in , however, which allows all products to be imported duty-free regardless of their place of origin within Mexico, the non-border maquiladora share of exports has increased while that of border cities has decreased.
While the national annual growth rate was still positive 1. Given the former strong flow of immigrants to the United States; an estimated 5. The population's annual growth rate has been reduced from a 3. Assumptions underlying this projection include fertility stabilizing at 1. Mexico is composed of 32 federal entities which include 31 states and Mexico City, the five most populous federal entities in were the State of Mexico The average annual population growth rate of Mexico City was 0.
The average annual net migration rate of Mexico City over the same period was negative and the lowest of all political divisions of Mexico , whereas the states with the highest net migration rate were Quintana Roo 2. According to the revision of the World Population Prospects, the total population was ,, in , compared to only 28,, in Population by Sex and Age Group Census Life expectancy in Mexico from to Source: Our World In Data. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.
