In , the Jews returned to settle in Mulhouse, where there had been no Jewish families since the beginning of the 16th century. The worship was celebrated in various places of prayer which quickly became too small. A new synagogue, in an oriental style, built by JB Schacre, was inaugurated in The architect plays on the difference in proportions and materials: there is a disproportion between the high and wide nave with slender bays and the narrow side aisles.
Inside, the nave is covered with white plaster, while the aisles are in pink sandstone. The gable wall overlooking the rue des Rabbins is the most ornate part of the building; on the triangular pediment, the tables of the law surmounted by an oculus are flanked by seven-branched candlesticks, the menorah, supported by pilasters.
It was not reconstituted at the 19th century. The latter, ransacked by the Nazis, was restored after the war without the original dome. In the 14th century the community was relatively large, judging by the size of the Jewish quarter.
The synagogue was located in an alleyway, which is still visible today, next to the "pharmacie du Soleil" in the "rue des Clefs" then "Judengasse" and which connected with the "rue Ste-Barbe" then "Schmiedgasse". The name of Rabbi Ahron, to whom people came from Strasbourg to study the sacred texts, and especially that of his son, the famous Rav Schemouel Schlettstadt, who directed the yeshivah talmudic school of Strasbourg and is known as a compiler and decision-maker, have been preserved from this century.
The synagogue having been destroyed in to make way for the former St. This building can still be seen at no. The expression "auf der Judschul" which previously referred only to the Place Ste-Barbe was commonly used to designate the future Rue des Juifs, which became Rue Ste-Barbe in However, Jewish merchants and showmen were authorized to come and practice their trade at the annual fairs as well as the weekly markets.
