The fisher Pekania pennanti is a carnivorous mammal native to North America , a forest-dwelling creature whose range covers much of the boreal forest in Canada to the northern United States.
It is a member of the mustelid family, and is the only living member of the genus Pekania. It is sometimes referred to as a fisher cat , although it is not a cat. The fisher is closely related to, but larger than, the American marten Martes americana and Pacific marten Martes caurina. In some regions, the fisher is known as a pekan , derived from its name in the Abenaki language , or wejack , an Algonquian word cf. Other Native American names for the fisher are Chipewyan thacho [ 4 ] and Carrier chunihcho , [ 5 ] both meaning "big marten", and Wabanaki uskool.
Fishers have few predators besides humans. They have been trapped since the 18th century for their fur. Their pelts were in such demand that they became locally extinct in several parts of the United States in the early part of the 20th century. Conservation and protection measures have allowed the species to rebound, but their current range is still reduced from its historical limits. In the s, when pelt prices were high, some fur farmers attempted to raise fishers. However, their unusual delayed reproduction made breeding difficult.
When pelt prices fell in the late s, most fisher farming ended. While fishers usually avoid human contact, encroachments into forest habitats have resulted in some conflicts. Male and female fishers look similar, but can be differentiated by size; males being up to twice as large as the females. The fur of the fisher varies seasonally, being denser and glossier in the winter.
During the summer, the color becomes more mottled, as the fur goes through a moulting cycle. The fisher prefers to hunt in the full forest. Although an agile climber, it spends most of its time on the forest floor, where it prefers to forage around fallen trees. An omnivore , it feeds on a wide variety of small animals and occasionally on fruits and mushrooms. It prefers the snowshoe hare and is one of the few animals able to prey successfully on porcupines.
