Metrics details. Studies have shown that social integration may have a positive as well as a negative effect on the mental health of immigrants, depending on the social circumstances. To investigate the relationship between social integration and psychological distress in immigrants in Oslo, Norway, with focus on gender differences. Psychological distress was measured by a 10 items version of Hopkins Symptom Check List HSCL , and social integration was measured by an index based on four items: Knowledge of the Norwegian language, reading Norwegian newspapers, visits by Norwegians and receiving help from Norwegians.
Information on paid employment, household income, marital status, social support and conflicts in intimate relationships was also included in the study. The non-western immigrants showed a higher level of psychological distress than the immigrants from western countries. In men this could be explained by the combination of less social integration, less employment, lower income, less social support and more conflicts in intimate relationships among non-western compared to western immigrants.
In women the difference in level of psychological stress could not be explained by these variables, even if it was reduced. A reason for this seemed to be that social integration in non-western immigrants had a different effect on mental health in men and women. In men, social integration showed a positive effect through employment and income, as well as a positive effect in other areas.
Also in non-western women social integration showed a positive effect through greater access to employment and income, but this effect was levelled out by integration causing problems in other areas. Unexpectedly, social integration in non-western immigrants was associated with good mental health in men, but not in women. It is well known that immigration may lead to poor as well as good mental health, depending on the circumstances.
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/TAL-header-tak-rooftop-bar-sommero-norway-SOMMERO1224-28a4226be32540b7b6417dc921afcf0d.jpg "Woman in Oslo")
So called "acculturation" are among the factors which have been most widely studied in relation to immigration and mental health, but the results are rather inconclusive. By acculturation is then meant: "A 'phenomena' which results when group of individuals from different cultures come into continuous first hand contact with subsequent changes in the original culture patters of either or both groups [ 1 ]. The term has, however been used somewhat differently by different authors.
